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Investment Casting:
Investment casting is a process where a wax pattern is used to form a ceramic shell in which molten metal is poured to cast the desired parts. This process is also known as “Lost-wax Casting” or “Precision Casting”. In this casting process, “Investment” of the refractory coating material is done on surface of the wax pattern.
A replica of the part to be casted, is created using wax which is called as wax pattern. Later, all patterns will be assembled on a runner to form a wax tree assembly. Multiple coats of refractory ceramic material are applied on a wax tree assembly. Upon drying of ceramic coating, wax is drained out of the coating by melting it and a ceramic shell is formed. Ceramic shell is heated upto certain temperature to achieve shell hardness and remove left-over wax.
Shell with the cavity in a shape of the part to be casted, is going to be used as an expendable investment mold. Molten metal is poured into this investment mold, where it will solidify and form a part. Later this mold is broken out to get the casted parts.
Capability to cast complex parts and excellent as-cast surface finish makes Investment casting a preferred casting method over other casting methods. Also, the parts casted with investment casting method requires less casting tolerance compared to other casting methods.

Centrifugal Casting:
Invented in the early 19th century, centrifugal casting method has become the popular method for achieving quality cast parts, especially for thin cylindrical and disk-shaped parts.
Mold rotates at a high speed and generates a centrifugal force around 30 to 90 G’s depending on the volume of molten metal handled. When metal is poured, it will get uniformly distributed along the inside surface of the rotating mold due to the centrifugal force. The centrifugal effect develops a substantial amount of pressure on metal that forces the impurities toward inside diameter which can be machined-off later easily.
Upon the settlement of molten metal, solidification is achieved through rapid cooling from outside. The controlled solidification process and forces exerted by centrifugal effect, offers a casting with uniform grain structure and better mechanical properties compared to other casting methods available in the industry.
Other advantages of centrifugal casting include but not limited to uniform wall thickness and smoother surface finish. Parts with thinner wall thickness can be achieved easily.
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